BioBased Circular - Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the Netherlands ideally suited for this initiative?
The Netherlands combines a robust chemical sector, an extremely efficient agrifood sector, and a vast knowledge infrastructure, making it well-positioned to bring the BioBased Circular plan to fruition.
Can’t we just stop using carbon compounds?
No, carbon compounds are unique in their structure and applications. No other type of molecular bond can fully replace carbon compounds in material production.
Which plants are used as carbon sources?
Any plant source is theoretically usable, but it makes sense to use those available in large volumes or easily scalable. Examples include by-products from the agrifood sector, forestry trimmings, and purpose-grown crops like sugar beets, corn, or grain.
What about the land use?
Most raw materials come from by-products in the agrifood and forestry sectors, requiring no additional land. Moreover, a small portion of the current cultivation of sugar beets, corn, and grain will be redirected. Lower sugar consumption, higher crop yields, and improved use of by-products ensure that existing land can also supply the chemical sector.
Is there public support?
Yes. The use of biobased materials is backed by both European and Dutch governments, as well as various environmental organizations such as Natuur en Milieu and Staatsbosbeheer, along with numerous businesses, research institutions, water boards, trade organizations, and four ministries.
How large is the chemical industry in the Netherlands?
In 2021, the chemical industry’s net revenue was €71 billion, contributing over 2 percent to the Dutch GDP and employing around 45,000 people.
How much CO₂ reduction will BioBased Circular achieve?
BioBased Circular could prevent the annual release of approximately 3.5 to 5.8 million tons of CO₂. For context, the Dutch chemical sector emits around 18 million tons yearly, so the plan targets reducing nearly a third of this output.
Why use biobased resources for materials rather than energy?
Biobased resources contribute more to sustainability when used for high-value materials rather than energy, a view shared by both the EU and Dutch policymakers.
Does this concept already exist elsewhere?
No, BioBased Circular is unique. The Netherlands’ combination of strong chemical and agrifood sectors and extensive knowledge infrastructure makes it an ideal base for this initiative.
What are the costs and benefits?
The budget is about €1.2 billion, with €850 million funded by private industry and €300 million requested from the government. This investment is expected to boost the Gross National Product by €1.5 to 3.5 billion.
When will we see results?
BioBased Circular is an eight-year program involving technological research, new production chains, and demo factories, with the first factories expected to be operational within four to five years.